# scipy.signal.oaconvolve

scipy.signal.oaconvolve(in1, in2, mode='full', axes=None)

  Convolve two N-dimensional arrays using the overlap-add method.

  Convolve in1 and in2 using the overlap-add method, with the output size determined by the mode argument.

  This is generally much faster than `convolve` for large arrays (n > ~500), and generally much faster than `fftconvolve` when one array is much larger than the other, but can be slower when only a few output values are needed or when the arrays are very similar in shape, and can only output float arrays (int or object array inputs will be cast to float).

  Parameters:
    in1 array_like

      First input.

    in2 array_like

      Second input. Should have the same number of dimensions as in1.

    mode str {‘full’, ‘valid’, ‘same’}, optional

      A string indicating the size of the output:

      `full`

        The output is the full discrete linear convolution of the inputs. (Default)

      `valid`

        The output consists only of those elements that do not rely on the zero-padding. In ‘valid’ mode, either in1 or in2 must be at least as large as the other in every dimension.

      `same`

        The output is the same size as in1, centered with respect to the ‘full’ output.

    axes int or array_like of ints or None, optional

      Axes over which to compute the convolution. The default is over all axes.

  Returns:
    out array

      An N-dimensional array containing a subset of the discrete linear convolution of in1 with in2.

  See also

  `convolve`

    Uses the direct convolution or FFT convolution algorithm depending on which is faster.

  `fftconvolve`

    An implementation of convolution using FFT.

  Notes

  New in version 1.4.0.

  References

  [1]

  Wikipedia, “Overlap-add_method”. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlap-add_method

  [2]

  Richard G. Lyons. Understanding Digital Signal Processing, Third Edition, 2011. Chapter 13.10. ISBN 13: 978-0137-02741-5

  Examples

  Convolve a 100,000 sample signal with a 512-sample filter.

      >>> import numpy as np
      >>> from scipy import signal
      >>> rng = np.random.default_rng()
      >>> sig = rng.standard_normal(100000)
      >>> filt = signal.firwin(512, 0.01)
      >>> fsig = signal.oaconvolve(sig, filt)

      >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
      >>> fig, (ax_orig, ax_mag) = plt.subplots(2, 1)
      >>> ax_orig.plot(sig)
      >>> ax_orig.set_title('White noise')
      >>> ax_mag.plot(fsig)
      >>> ax_mag.set_title('Filtered noise')
      >>> fig.tight_layout()
      >>> fig.show()