>");
And some of the OO ways as well:
use HTML::Stream;
$HTML = new HTML::Stream \*STDOUT;
# The vanilla interface...
$HTML->tag('A', HREF=>"$href");
$HTML->tag('IMG', SRC=>"logo.gif", ALT=>"LOGO");
$HTML->text($copyright);
$HTML->tag('_A');
# The chocolate interface...
$HTML -> A(HREF=>"$href");
$HTML -> IMG(SRC=>"logo.gif", ALT=>"LOGO");
$HTML -> t($caption);
$HTML -> _A;
# The chocolate interface, with whipped cream...
$HTML -> A(HREF=>"$href")
-> IMG(SRC=>"logo.gif", ALT=>"LOGO")
-> t($caption)
-> _A;
# The strawberry interface...
output $HTML [A, HREF=>"$href"],
[IMG, SRC=>"logo.gif", ALT=>"LOGO"],
$caption,
[_A];
DESCRIPTION
The HTML::Stream module provides you with an object-oriented (and
subclassable) way of outputting HTML. Basically, you open up an "HTML
stream" on an existing filehandle, and then do all of your output to the
HTML stream. You can intermix HTML-stream-output and
ordinary-print-output, if you like.
There's even a small built-in subclass, HTML::Stream::Latin1, which can
handle Latin-1 input right out of the box. But all in good time...
INTRODUCTION (the Neapolitan dessert special)
Function interface
Let's start out with the simple stuff. This module provides a collection
of non-OO utility functions for escaping HTML text and producing HTML
tags, like this:
use HTML::Stream qw(:funcs); # imports functions from @EXPORT_OK
print html_tag(A, HREF=>$url);
print '© 1996 by', html_escape($myname), '!';
print html_tag('/A');
By the way: that last line could be rewritten as:
print html_tag(_A);
And if you need to get a parameter in your tag that doesn't have an
associated value, supply the *undefined* value (*not* the empty
string!):
print html_tag(TD, NOWRAP=>undef, ALIGN=>'LEFT');
print html_tag(IMG, SRC=>'logo.gif', ALT=>'');
There are also some routines for reversing the process, like:
$text = "This isn't "fun"...";
print html_unmarkup($text);
This isn't "fun"...
print html_unescape($text);
This isn't "fun"...
*Yeah, yeah, yeah*, I hear you cry. *We've seen this stuff before.* But
wait! There's more...
OO interface, vanilla
Using the function interface can be tedious... so we also provide an
"HTML output stream" class. Messages to an instance of that class
generally tell that stream to output some HTML. Here's the above
example, rewritten using HTML streams:
use HTML::Stream;
$HTML = new HTML::Stream \*STDOUT;
$HTML->tag(A, HREF=>$url);
$HTML->ent('copy');
$HTML->text(" 1996 by $myname!");
$HTML->tag(_A);
As you've probably guessed:
text() Outputs some text, which will be HTML-escaped.
tag() Outputs an ordinary tag, like , possibly with parameters.
The parameters will all be HTML-escaped automatically.
ent() Outputs an HTML entity, like the © or < .
You mostly don't need to use it; you can often just put the
Latin-1 representation of the character in the text().
You might prefer to use "t()" and "e()" instead of "text()" and "ent()":
they're absolutely identical, and easier to type:
$HTML -> tag(A, HREF=>$url);
$HTML -> e('copy');
$HTML -> t(" 1996 by $myname!");
$HTML -> tag(_A);
Now, it wouldn't be nice to give you those "text()" and "ent()"
shortcuts without giving you one for "tag()", would it? Of course not...
OO interface, chocolate
The known HTML tags are even given their own tag-methods, compiled on
demand. The above code could be written even more compactly as:
$HTML -> A(HREF=>$url);
$HTML -> e('copy');
$HTML -> t(" 1996 by $myname!");
$HTML -> _A;
As you've probably guessed:
A(HREF=>$url) == tag(A, HREF=>$url) ==
_A == tag(_A) ==
All of the autoloaded "tag-methods" use the tagname in *all-uppercase*.
A "_" prefix on any tag-method means that an end-tag is desired. The "_"
was chosen for several reasons: (1) it's short and easy to type, (2) it
doesn't produce much visual clutter to look at, (3) "_TAG" looks a
little like "/TAG" because of the straight line.
* *I know, I know... it looks like a private method. You get used to
it. Really.*
I should stress that this module will only auto-create tag methods for
known HTML tags. So you're protected from typos like this (which will
cause a fatal exception at run-time):
$HTML -> IMGG(SRC=>$src);
(You're not yet protected from illegal tag parameters, but it's a start,
ain't it?)
If you need to make a tag known (sorry, but this is currently a *global*
operation, and not stream-specific), do this:
accept_tag HTML::Stream 'MARQUEE'; # for you MSIE fans...
Note: there is no corresponding "reject_tag". I thought and thought
about it, and could not convince myself that such a method would do
anything more useful than cause other people's modules to suddenly stop
working because some bozo function decided to reject the "FONT" tag.
OO interface, with whipped cream
In the grand tradition of C++, output method chaining is supported in
both the Vanilla Interface and the Chocolate Interface. So you can (and
probably should) write the above code as:
$HTML -> A(HREF=>$url)
-> e('copy') -> t(" 1996 by $myname!")
-> _A;
*But wait! Neapolitan ice cream has one more flavor...*
OO interface, strawberry
I was jealous of the compact syntax of HTML::AsSubs, but I didn't want
to worry about clogging the namespace with a lot of functions like p(),
a(), etc. (especially when markup-functions like tr() conflict with
existing Perl functions). So I came up with this:
output $HTML [A, HREF=>$url], "Here's my $caption", [_A];
Conceptually, arrayrefs are sent to "html_tag()", and strings to
"html_escape()".
ADVANCED TOPICS
Auto-formatting and inserting newlines
*Auto-formatting* is the name I give to the Chocolate Interface feature
whereby newlines (and maybe, in the future, other things) are inserted
before or after the tags you output in order to make your HTML more
readable. So, by default, this:
$HTML -> HTML
-> HEAD
-> TITLE -> t("Hello!") -> _TITLE
-> _HEAD
-> BODY(BGCOLOR=>'#808080');
Actually produces this:
Hello!
To turn off autoformatting altogether on a given HTML::Stream object,
use the "auto_format()" method:
$HTML->auto_format(0); # stop autoformatting!
To change whether a newline is automatically output before/after the
begin/end form of a tag at a global level, use "set_tag()":
HTML::Stream->set_tag('B', Newlines=>15); # 15 means "\n\n \n\n"
HTML::Stream->set_tag('I', Newlines=>7); # 7 means "\n\n \n "
To change whether a newline is automatically output before/after the
begin/end form of a tag for a given stream level, give the stream its
own private "tag info" table, and then use "set_tag()":
$HTML->private_tags;
$HTML->set_tag('B', Newlines=>0); # won't affect anyone else!
To output newlines explicitly, just use the special "nl" method in the
Chocolate Interface:
$HTML->nl; # one newline
$HTML->nl(6); # six newlines
I am sometimes asked, "why don't you put more newlines in
automatically?" Well, mostly because...
* Sometimes you'll be outputting stuff inside a "PRE" environment.
* Sometimes you really do want to jam things (like images, or table
cell delimiters and the things they contain) right up against each
other.
So I've stuck to outputting newlines in places where it's most likely to
be harmless.
Entities
As shown above, You can use the "ent()" (or "e()") method to output an
entity:
$HTML->t('Copyright ')->e('copy')->t(' 1996 by Me!');
But this can be a pain, particularly for generating output with
non-ASCII characters:
$HTML -> t('Copyright ')
-> e('copy')
-> t(' 1996 by Fran') -> e('ccedil') -> t('ois, Inc.!');
Granted, Europeans can always type the 8-bit characters directly in
their Perl code, and just have this:
$HTML -> t("Copyright \251 1996 by Fran\347ois, Inc.!');
But folks without 8-bit text editors can find this kind of output
cumbersome to generate. Sooooooooo...
Auto-escaping: changing the way text is escaped
*Auto-escaping* is the name I give to the act of taking an "unsafe"
string (one with ">", "&", etc.), and magically outputting "safe" HTML.
The default "auto-escape" behavior of an HTML stream can be a drag if
you've got a lot character entities that you want to output, or if
you're using the Latin-1 character set, or some other input encoding.
Fortunately, you can use the "auto_escape()" method to change the way a
particular HTML::Stream works at any time.
First, here's a couple of special invocations:
$HTML->auto_escape('ALL'); # Default; escapes [<>"&] and 8-bit chars.
$HTML->auto_escape('LATIN_1'); # Like ALL, but uses Latin-1 entities
# instead of decimal equivalents.
$HTML->auto_escape('NON_ENT'); # Like ALL, but leaves "&" alone.
You can also install your own auto-escape function (note that you might
very well want to install it for just a little bit only, and then
de-install it):
sub my_auto_escape {
my $text = shift;
HTML::Entities::encode($text); # start with default
$text =~ s/\(c\)/©/ig; # (C) becomes copyright
$text =~ s/\\,(c)/\&$1cedil;/ig; # \,c becomes a cedilla
$text;
}
# Start using my auto-escape:
my $old_esc = $HTML->auto_escape(\&my_auto_escape);
# Output some stuff:
$HTML-> IMG(SRC=>'logo.gif', ALT=>'Fran\,cois, Inc');
output $HTML 'Copyright (C) 1996 by Fran\,cois, Inc.!';
# Stop using my auto-escape:
$HTML->auto_escape($old_esc);
If you find yourself in a situation where you're doing this a lot, a
better way is to create a subclass of HTML::Stream which installs your
custom function when constructed. For an example, see the
HTML::Stream::Latin1 subclass in this module.
Outputting HTML to things besides filehandles
As of Revision 1.21, you no longer need to supply "new()" with a
filehandle: *any object that responds to a print() method will do*. Of
course, this includes blessed FileHandles, and IO::Handles.
If you supply a GLOB reference (like "\*STDOUT") or a string (like
"Module::FH"), HTML::Stream will automatically create an invisible
object for talking to that filehandle (I don't dare bless it into a
FileHandle, since the underlying descriptor would get closed when the
HTML::Stream is destroyed, and you might not want that).
You say you want to print to a string? For kicks and giggles, try this:
package StringHandle;
sub new {
my $self = '';
bless \$self, shift;
}
sub print {
my $self = shift;
$$self .= join('', @_);
}
package main;
use HTML::Stream;
my $SH = new StringHandle;
my $HTML = new HTML::Stream $SH;
$HTML -> H1 -> t("Hello & <>!") -> _H1;
print "PRINTED STRING: ", $$SH, "\n";
Subclassing
This is where you can make your application-specific HTML-generating
code *much* easier to look at. Consider this:
package MY::HTML;
@ISA = qw(HTML::Stream);
sub Aside {
$_[0] -> FONT(SIZE=>-1) -> I;
}
sub _Aside {
$_[0] -> _I -> _FONT;
}
Now, you can do this:
my $HTML = new MY::HTML \*STDOUT;
$HTML -> Aside
-> t("Don't drink the milk, it's spoiled... pass it on...")
-> _Aside;
If you're defining these markup-like, chocolate-interface-style
functions, I recommend using mixed case with a leading capital. You
probably shouldn't use all-uppercase, since that's what this module uses
for real HTML tags.
PUBLIC INTERFACE
Functions
html_escape TEXT
Given a TEXT string, turn the text into valid HTML by escaping
"unsafe" characters. Currently, the "unsafe" characters are 8-bit
characters plus:
< > = &
Note: provided for convenience and backwards-compatibility only. You
may want to use the more-powerful HTML::Entities::encode function
instead.
html_tag TAG [, PARAM=>VALUE, ...]
Return the text for a given TAG, possibly with parameters. As an
efficiency hack, only the values are HTML-escaped currently: it is
assumed that the tag and parameters will already be safe.
For convenience and readability, you can say "_A" instead of "/A"
for the first tag, if you're into barewords.
html_unescape TEXT
Remove angle-tag markup, and convert the standard ampersand-escapes
("lt", "gt", "amp", "quot", and "#ddd") into ASCII characters.
Note: provided for convenience and backwards-compatibility only. You
may want to use the more-powerful HTML::Entities::decode function
instead: unlike this function, it can collapse entities like "copy"
and "ccedil" into their Latin-1 byte values.
html_unmarkup TEXT
Remove angle-tag markup from TEXT, but do not convert
ampersand-escapes. Cheesy, but theoretically useful if you want to,
say, incorporate externally-provided HTML into a page you're
generating, and are worried that the HTML might contain undesirable
markup.
Vanilla
new [PRINTABLE]
*Class method.* Create a new HTML output stream.
The PRINTABLE may be a FileHandle, a glob reference, or any object
that responds to a "print()" message. If no PRINTABLE is given, does
a select() and uses that.
auto_escape [NAME|SUBREF]
*Instance method.* Set the auto-escape function for this HTML
stream.
If the argument is a subroutine reference SUBREF, then that
subroutine will be used. Declare such subroutines like this:
sub my_escape {
my $text = shift; # it's passed in the first argument
...
$text;
}
If a textual NAME is given, then one of the appropriate built-in
functions is used. Possible values are:
ALL Default for HTML::Stream objects. This escapes angle brackets,
ampersands, double-quotes, and 8-bit characters. 8-bit
characters are escaped using decimal entity codes (like "#123").
LATIN_1
Like "ALL", but uses Latin-1 entity names (like "ccedil")
instead of decimal entity codes to escape characters. This makes
the HTML more readable but it is currently not advised, as
"older" browsers (like Netscape 2.0) do not recognize many of
the ISO-8859-1 entity names (like "deg").
Warning: If you specify this option, you'll find that it
attempts to "require" HTML::Entities at run time. That's because
I didn't want to *force* you to have that module just to use the
rest of HTML::Stream. To pick up problems at compile time, you
are advised to say:
use HTML::Stream;
use HTML::Entities;
in your source code.
NON_ENT
Like "ALL", except that ampersands (&) are *not* escaped. This
allows you to use &-entities in your text strings, while having
everything else safely escaped:
output $HTML "If A is an acute angle, then A > 90°";
Returns the previously-installed function, in the manner of
"select()". No arguments just returns the currently-installed
function.
auto_format ONOFF
*Instance method.* Set the auto-formatting characteristics for this
HTML stream. Currently, all you can do is supply a single defined
boolean argument, which turns auto-formatting ON (1) or OFF (0). The
self object is returned.
Please use no other values; they are reserved for future use.
comment COMMENT
*Instance method.* Output an HTML comment. As of 1.29, a newline is
automatically appended.
ent ENTITY
*Instance method.* Output an HTML entity. For example, here's how
you'd output a non-breaking space:
$html->ent('nbsp');
You may abbreviate this method name as "e":
$html->e('nbsp');
Warning: this function assumes that the entity argument is legal.
io Return the underlying output handle for this HTML stream. All you
can depend upon is that it is some kind of object which responds to
a print() message:
$HTML->io->print("This is not auto-escaped or nuthin!");
nl [COUNT]
*Instance method.* Output COUNT newlines. If undefined, COUNT
defaults to 1.
tag TAGNAME [, PARAM=>VALUE, ...]
*Instance method.* Output a tag. Returns the self object, to allow
method chaining. You can say "_A" instead of "/A", if you're into
barewords.
text TEXT...
*Instance method.* Output some text. You may abbreviate this method
name as "t":
$html->t('Hi there, ', $yournamehere, '!');
Returns the self object, to allow method chaining.
text_nbsp TEXT...
*Instance method.* Output some text, but with all spaces output as
non-breaking-space characters:
$html->t("To list your home directory, type: ")
->text_nbsp("ls -l ~yourname.")
Returns the self object, to allow method chaining.
Strawberry
output ITEM,...,ITEM
*Instance method.* Go through the items. If an item is an arrayref,
treat it like the array argument to html_tag() and output the
result. If an item is a text string, escape the text and output the
result. Like this:
output $HTML [A, HREF=>$url], "Here's my $caption!", [_A];
Chocolate
accept_tag TAG
*Class method.* Declares that the tag is to be accepted as valid
HTML (if it isn't already). For example, this...
# Make sure methods MARQUEE and _MARQUEE are compiled on demand:
HTML::Stream->accept_tag('MARQUEE');
...gives the Chocolate Interface permission to create (via AUTOLOAD)
definitions for the MARQUEE and _MARQUEE methods, so you can then
say:
$HTML -> MARQUEE -> t("Hi!") -> _MARQUEE;
If you want to set the default attribute of the tag as well, you can
do so via the set_tag() method instead; it will effectively do an
accept_tag() as well.
# Make sure methods MARQUEE and _MARQUEE are compiled on demand,
# *and*, set the characteristics of that tag.
HTML::Stream->set_tag('MARQUEE', Newlines=>9);
private_tags
*Instance method.* Normally, HTML streams use a reference to a
global table of tag information to determine how to do such things
as auto-formatting, and modifications made to that table by
"set_tag" will affect everyone.
However, if you want an HTML stream to have a private copy of that
table to munge with, just send it this message after creating it.
Like this:
my $HTML = new HTML::Stream \*STDOUT;
$HTML->private_tags;
Then, you can say stuff like:
$HTML->set_tag('PRE', Newlines=>0);
$HTML->set_tag('BLINK', Newlines=>9);
And it won't affect anyone else's *auto-formatting* (although they
will possibly be able to use the BLINK tag method without a fatal
exception ":-(" ).
Returns the self object.
set_tag TAG, [TAGINFO...]
*Class/instance method.* Accept the given TAG in the Chocolate
Interface, and (if TAGINFO is given) alter its characteristics when
being output.
* If invoked as a class method, this alters the "master tag
table", and allows a new tag to be supported via an autoloaded
method:
HTML::Stream->set_tag('MARQUEE', Newlines=>9);
Once you do this, *all* HTML streams you open from then on will
allow that tag to be output in the chocolate interface.
* If invoked as an instance method, this alters the "tag table"
referenced by that HTML stream, usually for the purpose of
affecting things like the auto-formatting on that HTML stream.
Warning: by default, an HTML stream just references the "master
tag table" (this makes "new()" more efficient), so *by default,
the instance method will behave exactly like the class method.*
my $HTML = new HTML::Stream \*STDOUT;
$HTML->set_tag('BLINK', Newlines=>0); # changes it for others!
If you want to diddle with *one* stream's auto-formatting
*only,* you'll need to give that stream its own *private* tag
table. Like this:
my $HTML = new HTML::Stream \*STDOUT;
$HTML->private_tags;
$HTML->set_tag('BLINK', Newlines=>0); # doesn't affect other streams
Note: this will still force an default entry for BLINK in the
*master* tag table: otherwise, we'd never know that it was legal
to AUTOLOAD a BLINK method. However, it will only alter the
*characteristics* of the BLINK tag (like auto-formatting) in the
*object's* tag table.
The TAGINFO, if given, is a set of key=>value pairs with the
following possible keys:
Newlines
Assumed to be a number which encodes how newlines are to be
output before/after a tag. The value is the logical OR (or sum)
of a set of flags:
0x01 newline before .. ..
0x02 newline after | | | |
0x04 newline before 1 2 4 8
0x08 newline after
Hence, to output BLINK environments which are preceded/followed
by newlines:
set_tag HTML::Stream 'BLINK', Newlines=>9;
Returns the self object on success.
tags
*Class/instance method.* Returns an unsorted list of all tags in the
class/instance tag table (see "set_tag" for class/instance method
differences).
SUBCLASSES
HTML::Stream::Latin1
A small, public package for outputting Latin-1 markup. Its default
auto-escape function is "LATIN_1", which tries to output the mnemonic
entity markup (e.g., "ç") for ISO-8859-1 characters.
So using HTML::Stream::Latin1 like this:
use HTML::Stream;
$HTML = new HTML::Stream::Latin1 \*STDOUT;
output $HTML "\253A right angle is 90\260, \277No?\273\n";
Prints this:
«A right angle is 90°, ¿No?»
Instead of what HTML::Stream would print, which is this:
«A right angle is 90°, ¿No?»
Warning: a lot of Latin-1 HTML markup is not recognized by older
browsers (e.g., Netscape 2.0). Consider using HTML::Stream; it will
output the decimal entities which currently seem to be more "portable".
Note: using this class "requires" that you have HTML::Entities.
PERFORMANCE
Slower than I'd like. Both the output() method and the various "tag"
methods seem to run about 5 times slower than the old
just-hardcode-the-darn stuff approach. That is, in general, this:
### Approach #1...
tag $HTML 'A', HREF=>"$href";
tag $HTML 'IMG', SRC=>"logo.gif", ALT=>"LOGO";
text $HTML $caption;
tag $HTML '_A';
text $HTML $a_lot_of_text;
And this:
### Approach #2...
output $HTML [A, HREF=>"$href"],
[IMG, SRC=>"logo.gif", ALT=>"LOGO"],
$caption,
[_A];
output $HTML $a_lot_of_text;
And this:
### Approach #3...
$HTML -> A(HREF=>"$href")
-> IMG(SRC=>"logo.gif", ALT=>"LOGO")
-> t($caption)
-> _A
-> t($a_lot_of_text);
Each run about 5x slower than this:
### Approach #4...
print '',
html_escape($caption),
'';
print html_escape($a_lot_of_text);
Of course, I'd much rather use any of first three *(especially #3)* if I
had to get something done right in a hurry. Or did you not notice the
typo in approach #4? ";-)"
(BTW, thanks to Benchmark:: for allowing me to... er... benchmark
stuff.)
VERSION
$Id: Stream.pm,v 1.55 2003/10/28 dstaal Exp $
CHANGE LOG
Version 1.55 (2003/10/28)
New maintainer: Daniel T. Staal. No major changes in the code,
except to complete the tag list to HTML 4.01 specifications. (With
the exception of the 'S' tag, which I want to test, and is
depreciated anyway. Note that the DOCTYPE is not actually a HTML
tag, and is not currently included.)
Version 1.54 (2001/08/20)
The terms-of-use have been placed in the distribution file
"COPYING". Also, small documentation tweaks were made.
Version 1.51 (2001/08/16)
No real changes to code; just improved documentation, and removed
HTML::Entities and HTML::Parser from ./etc at CPAN's request.
Version 1.47 (2000/06/10)
No real changes to code; just improved documentation.
Version 1.45 (1999/02/09)
Cleanup for Perl 5.005: removed duplicate typeglob assignments.
Version 1.44 (1998/01/14)
Win95 install (5.004) now works. Added SYNOPSIS to POD.
Version 1.41 (1998/01/02)
Removed $& for efficiency. *Thanks, Andreas!*
Added support for OPTION, and default now puts newlines after SELECT
and /SELECT. Also altered "TELEM" syntax to put newline after
end-tags of list element tags (like /OPTION, /LI, etc.). In theory,
this change could produce undesireable results for folks who embed
lists inside of PRE environments... however, that kind of stuff was
done in the days before TABLEs; also, you can always turn it off if
you really need to. *Thanks to John D Groenveld for these patches.*
Added text_nbsp(). *Thanks to John D Groenveld for the patch.* This
method may also be invoked as nbsp_text() as in the original patch,
but that's sort of a private tip-of-the-hat to the patch author, and
the synonym may go away in the future.
Version 1.37 (1997/02/09)
No real change; just trying to make CPAN.pm happier.
Version 1.32 (1997/01/12)
NEW TOOL for generating Perl code which uses HTML::Stream! Check
your toolkit for html2perlstream.
Added built-in support for escaping 8-bit characters.
Added "LATIN_1" auto-escape, which uses HTML::Entities to generate
mnemonic entities. This is now the default method for
HTML::Stream::Latin1.
Added "auto_format()," so you can now turn auto-formatting off/on.
Added "private_tags()", so it is now possible for HTML streams to
each have their own "private" copy of the %Tags table, for use by
"set_tag()".
Added "set_tag()". The tags tables may now be modified dynamically
so as to change how formatting is done on-the-fly. This will
hopefully not compromise the efficiency of the chocolate interface
(until now, the formatting was compiled into the method itself), and
*will* add greater flexibility for more-complex programs.
Added POD documentation for all subroutines in the public interface.
Version 1.29 (1996/12/10)
Added terminating newline to comment(). *Thanks to John D Groenveld
for the suggestion and the patch.*
Version 1.27 (1996/12/10)
Added built-in HTML::Stream::Latin1, which does a very simple
encoding of all characters above ASCII 127.
Fixed bug in accept_tag(), where 'my' variable was shadowing
argument. *Thanks to John D Groenveld for the bug report and the
patch.*
Version 1.26 (1996/09/27)
Start of history.
COPYRIGHT
This program is free software. You may copy or redistribute it under the
same terms as Perl itself.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Warmest thanks to...
Eryq For writing the orginal version of this module.
John Buckman For suggesting that I write an "html2perlstream",
and inspiring me to look at supporting Latin-1.
Tony Cebzanov For suggesting that I write an "html2perlstream"
John D Groenveld Bug reports, patches, and suggestions
B. K. Oxley (binkley) For suggesting the support of "writing to strings"
which became the "printable" interface.
AUTHOR
Daniel T. Staal (DStaal@usa.net).
Enjoy. Yell if it breaks.
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